The Pivotal Role of Libraries in India's NEP 2020

Abstract

The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) represents a paradigm shift in Indian education, as it focuses on equity, inclusiveness, multidisciplinarity, and the integration of digital and lifelong learning. This review examines the role of libraries-including school, academic, and public libraries-in the realisation of the vision of NEP 2020. It explores how these institutions have contributed to the realisation of transformational opportunities, the implementation of successes, the resolution of unresolved issues, and the development of strategic pathways. Academic articles, policy documents, and empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025 were included in the systematic literature review, which was complemented by an analysis of recent case studies on library initiatives implemented under NEP 2020 in urban, rural, and tribal settings in India. NEP 2020 transforms libraries into vibrant centres for knowledge generation, digital literacy, multilingualism, and community engagement. Significant gains include up to a 20 per cent increase in enrolment and digital literacy in urban colleges, broader rural coverage by mobile digital units, and strengthened multidisciplinary and vocational education (supported by hybrid academic libraries). Nevertheless, rural ICT penetration remains at 25–40%, with a lack of funding and uneven staffing as key factors discouraging equitable implementation. International benchmarking indicates alignment with UNESCO/IFLA standards, yet deficiencies in the application of advanced technology persist. There is a need for continued investment in rural digitisation, the training of professional librarians, a national library services framework, and strengthened partnerships between the government and the business sector. Through full empowerment, libraries can become the pulse of NEP 2020, closing socio-economic gaps and helping India advance toward a knowledge-driven, inclusive, and globally competitive future.